OSCE and learning points

Symptoms of  Right and Left heart failure:-



Preload and Afterload:

Preload :

Preload is volume of blood received by the heart. Basically preload is stretch.It is the ventricular stretch at the end of diastole. Occurrence : during diastole Depends on : The amount of ventricular filling. Preload is a volume. Affecting factors : venous blood pressure and the rate of  venous return. 

Afterload :

 Afterload is the pressure that the Chambers of the heart must generate in order to eject blood out of heart. Occurrence : during systole Depends on :

The arterial blood pressure and vascular tone. Afterload is a pressure. Affecting factors : systemic vascular resistance and pulmonary vascular resistance 


Pathophysiology:-


LEARNING POINTS:-

:-I have learnt how important is to take delailed history 

:-I have learnt how important is the daily routine and occupation of the patient

:-How essential it is to build communication with the patient and patient attender to gain their confidence for treating the patient

:-learnt about normal jvp and Abnormalities

:-Indications of kidney transplantation

:-I have learnt how to differentiate between the AKI and CKI and its management .

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